計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用Computer-based Applications Assignment范文
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構(gòu)建基于計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用Building Computer-based Applications Assignment
當(dāng)今在工業(yè)上構(gòu)建基于計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用的主要方法被稱為結(jié)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì)。這個(gè)方法在1970年代作為一種結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的成果被映入。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)化系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)方法已經(jīng)被調(diào)整并在世界上應(yīng)用了數(shù)年。但是在過(guò)去數(shù)年內(nèi),面向?qū)ο笳Z(yǔ)言正在越來(lái)越受到公業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)和大學(xué)的歡迎和普及。隨著這個(gè)趨勢(shì)的持續(xù),一個(gè)方法被發(fā)展用來(lái)幫助那些使用面向?qū)ο笳Z(yǔ)言開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的程序員。
引言 INTRODUCTION
OOAD策略方法的問(wèn)題從一個(gè)對(duì)象的視角與功能的角度來(lái)看,這是傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)化開(kāi)發(fā)方法的主要焦點(diǎn)。在過(guò)去的幾年中越來(lái)越多地使用OOAD比傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)化開(kāi)發(fā)方法已經(jīng)蔓延著。隨著新的和更先進(jìn)的面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z(yǔ)言被創(chuàng)建,似乎是一個(gè)更大的需要一個(gè)面向?qū)ο蟮姆椒▉?lái)開(kāi)發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用。然而,這是否需要更大的使用這種新的方法比傳統(tǒng)的嗎?我們將比較兩種方法和它們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn),以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。The existing methodology used primarily in industry today in building computer-based applications is known as structured analysis and design. This methodology came into existence as a result of the structured programming techniques introduced in the 1970's. This structured systems development methodology (SDM) has been fine-tuned and used for many years in the real world. However, during the last several years object-oriented languages have become increasingly more popular and more widely used in industrial organizations as well as university institutions. As this trend continued a methodology was developed to assist the programmer with the development of applications using object-oriented languages. This methodology has become known as object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD).The OOAD strategy approaches the problem from an object perspective as opposed to a functional perspective, which is the primary focus of the traditional structured development methodology. During the last few years the increasing use of OOAD over the traditional structured development methodology has spread significantly. As newer and more sophisticated object-oriented languages are created, there appears to be an even greater need for an object-oriented approach to develop business applications. However, does this need warrant greater use of this new methodology over the traditional one? We will compare the two methodologies and their advantages and disadvantages in order to address this problem.
傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)法系與設(shè)計(jì) TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) or the structured systems analysis & design methodology (SSAD) is a framework of activities and tasks that need to be accomplished to develop an information system. This methodology as mentioned previously is called the waterfall model as each major phase of the methodology flows downward into the next phase (Wu and Wu, 1994). Consequently, this methodology is a strategy consisting of various techniques, tools, documentation and tasks that need to be integrated in order to develop the system. The SSAD is based on the concept of functional decomposition where the analyst breaks down the system into the basic processes that make it up and then breaks these down into smaller ones and so on until the analyst understands all the essential components of the system being investigated (Senn, 1989). The basic principles of the SSAD methodology can be summarized as follows:
This methodology requires that the user be involved from the beginning to the end of project development. The analyst will meet with the user regularly to resolve problems and validate the user's needs. This also requires that the analyst possess highly developed communication skills.
The first principle of SSAD is top down functional decomposition. Here the system is considered in its entirety where the analyst first tries to understand the key features of the system, ignoring the smaller details until later.
Next the scope of system is defined where the physical details of the existing system are analyzed. The analyst focuses on two objectives: what the new system should do and how it should do it.
REFERENCES:文獻(xiàn)
Bahrami, A., Object-Oriented Systems Development, Irwin McGraw-Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, 1999.
Rob, M., "Issues of Structured vs. Object-Oriented Methodology of Systems Analysis and Design", Issues in Information Systems, Volume V (1), 2004, 275-280.
Rumbaugh, J., Blaha, M., Premerlani, W., Eddy, F., and Lorensen, W., Object-Oriented Modeling and Design, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1991.
Satzinger, J., Jackson, R., and Burd, S., Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process, Course Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, 2005.
Senn, J., Analysis and Design of Information Systems, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, 1989.
Shah, V., Sivitanides, M., Martin, R., "Pitfalls of Object-Oriented Development", Business Quest A Journal of Applied Topics in Business and Economics, November 1997, www.westga.edu.
Shlaer, S., and Mellor, S., Object-Oriented Systems Analysis: Modeling the World in Data. Yourdon Press, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1988.
Sircar, S., Nerur, S., and Mahapatra, R., "Revolution or Evolution? A Comparison of Object-Oriented and Structured Systems Development Methods ", MIS Quarterly, Vol. 25 (4), 2001, 457-471.
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