社會(huì)政策學(xué)essay代寫范文參考—支持和反對(duì)大麻合法化的爭論,本文是一篇留學(xué)生管理專業(yè)的Essay寫作格式參考范文,雖然大麻仍然存在爭議,但加州和科羅拉多州等幾個(gè)州已經(jīng)就大麻是否合法化的問題進(jìn)行了測試。美國共有25個(gè)州擁有合法的醫(yī)用大麻,它們?cè)诼?lián)邦政府合法化大麻方面取得了不可預(yù)料的重大進(jìn)展(ProCon)。我們目前正處于過渡時(shí)期,那些尚未將大麻合法化的州正在看到結(jié)果并考慮將其合法化。截至2016年,全國范圍內(nèi)的大麻合法化已經(jīng)非常接近,美國目前已經(jīng)走了一半(哈德勒斯頓第3章)。以下是管理學(xué)essay范例寫作的全部內(nèi)容,是一篇符合國外大學(xué)Essay寫作格式要求的范文,供參考。
Although marijuana stays controversial, several states, such as California and Colorado have taken the issue of whether to legalize pot or not to the test. There are a total of twenty five states that have legal medical marijuana and they have unpredictably made considerable progression towards making weed legal federally (ProCon). We are currently in the transitional period in which states that have not legalized marijuana yet are seeing the outcome and contemplating legalizing it. As of 2016, legalization nationwide is very close, the United States is currently half way there (Huddleston par. 3).
Although there isn't all positive feedback from the states that have legalized it, this negative feedback is being examined with states that have not legalized marijuana yet. There are a multitude of reasons why marijuana should be legalized such as tax revenue, medical benefits, lowering prison population for individuals who committed victimless marijuana crimes, and more. When there is a positive, there's always a negative and those negative consequences for legalization of marijuana include potential increase in adolescence usage, negative impact on mental and respiratory health, and religious issues. A great argument for the legalization is the state's profits on sales tax. Huddleston suggest that Colorado in particular has seen a substantial increase in revenue due to marijuana industry sales.
盡管大麻合法化的州并沒有給出所有積極的反饋,但這些負(fù)面反饋正在與尚未合法化的州進(jìn)行研究。大麻應(yīng)該合法化的原因有很多,比如稅收、醫(yī)療福利、為那些沒有傷害他人的大麻犯罪減少囚犯人數(shù),等等。有積極的一面,就會(huì)有消極的一面,大麻合法化的消極后果包括青少年使用大麻的潛在增加,對(duì)精神和呼吸健康的負(fù)面影響,以及宗教問題。支持大麻合法化的一個(gè)重要理由是該州的銷售稅利潤。哈德勒斯頓表示,特別是科羅拉多州,由于大麻行業(yè)的銷售,收入大幅增加。
The Colorado marijuana economy is booming. The infamous marijuana state saw a huge increase in spending for the plant in 2014 (Grenoble par. 3). As stated by Grenoble, in that year, there was a net total of $70 million spent by marijuana consumers. Although all the money sounds nice, marijuana dispensaries face a variety of issues. The dispensaries are encountering a complication of not being eligible for the array of tax deductions that most private businesses are able to take advantage of when they file taxes. On top of that, because the manufacturing and distribution of marijuana is illegally federally, so many banks avert the industry and divert doing any kind of venture with the marijuana distributors for federal purposes due to the risk of prosecution under Bank Secrecy Act (Jasmin-Carter par. 1).
The profit the dispensaries are making off of the sales is perceived as drug money in the bank’s and Uncle Sam’s eyes. The legalization of marijuana movement has seen some progress though due to the provision President Obama assigned in December 16th, 2014, the DEA is unable to raid medical marijuana dispensaries in states where medical marijuana is legal (Frellick par. 1). Frellick states that prior to this provision, the DEA could shut down any dispensaries that states legally opened. Today, Colorado’s legal marijuana industry is worth an astounding $1 billion (Huddleston par. 2). Colorado has made record high marijuana sales and is considered by some the marijuana capital of the world, but what was the capital of this herb over 4000 years ago?
在銀行和山姆大叔的眼里,藥房從銷售中獲得的利潤被視為販毒資金。由于奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在2014年12月16日指定的條款,大麻合法化運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)取得了一些進(jìn)展,緝毒局不能突襲醫(yī)用大麻合法州的醫(yī)用大麻藥房(弗里利克第1條)。弗里利克指出,在這一條款之前,緝毒局可以關(guān)閉各州合法開設(shè)的任何藥房。今天,科羅拉多州的合法大麻產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值高達(dá)驚人的10億美元(哈德勒斯頓par. 2)??屏_拉多州的大麻銷售創(chuàng)下了歷史新高,被一些人認(rèn)為是世界大麻之都,但4000多年前,這種藥草的首都是什么?
There are traces of marijuana that date way before Christ in China. PacerStackTrain states that the imperial chief at the time of 2700 BC was Sheng Nung and he frequently enjoyed the herbal medicine. Nung was infamous for being able to come across the plant in China and used it for spiritual healing purposes (PacerStackTrain par. 2). Consuming marijuana has an assortment of positive and negative effects on the brain. Marijuana gives an euphoric and relaxing feeling; this allows the users to pacify stress and alleviate nerves (Cox par. 10).
Recently, a UK study suggested that hospitals and rehab centers could have a potential use of marijuana in their muscle recovery programs with patients with multiple sclerosis (Magaldi par. 10). This would be a revolutionary new treatment, especially for those with really tight muscles and individuals facing multiple sclerosis. The two active ingredients in the plant are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), THC is the psychoactive drug whereas CBD is non-psychoactive drug (TruthOnPot par. 1). TruthOnPot mentions that it is unfortunate that CBD isn't able to get the user high, but makes it appealing to medical uses. According to TruthOnPot, CBD can be utilized in various ways such as to counteract anxiety, treat schizophrenia, and treat younger children with sundry ailments.
最近,英國的一項(xiàng)研究表明,醫(yī)院和康復(fù)中心可能會(huì)在多發(fā)性硬化癥患者的肌肉恢復(fù)計(jì)劃中使用大麻(Magaldi par. 10)。這將是一種革命性的新療法,特別是對(duì)于那些肌肉緊繃的人和患有多發(fā)性硬化癥的人。這種植物中的兩種有效成分是四氫大麻酚(THC)和大麻二酚(CBD), THC是精神活性藥物,而CBD是非精神活性藥物(TruthOnPot第1條)。TruthOnPot提到,很不幸的是,CBD不能讓使用者興奮,但它吸引了醫(yī)療用途。根據(jù)TruthOnPot網(wǎng)站,CBD可以被用于各種各樣的方式,比如緩解焦慮、治療精神分裂癥,以及治療患有各種疾病的年幼兒童。
On the other hand THC just recently has been proven after decades of research to prove that the compound is a viable candidate for medical uses. Although many health professionals view the fact THC can get you high as a drawback, there is a positive benefit for the ingredient. There are a myriad of health benefits from THC ranging from pain relief, PTSD therapy, appetite stimulation, calming asthma attacks, glaucoma relief, sleep aid. nausea treatment for chemotherapy patients (Health).
With that said, the two active ingredients in marijuana are a viable organic source of medicine for various issues. The downfall for this type of treatment is that excessive usage will most likely result in depression, heart problems and respiratory issues (Nohlgren par. 4). Not only can marijuana cause permanent problems, but using even once can temporarily impair functions such as attention, memory, learning and decision making (Weir par. 6). People that used to use the substance heavily grumble to doctors of coughing and hacking. Whenever marijuana is ignited it produces an extensive degree of smoke because of the tremendous concentration of chemical compounds in the substance and the amalgams react in a specific way when introduced to a flame.
Over the years, the concentration of CBD and THC in the average plant has dramatically increased in the past forty years since pot first got popular in the United States and the marijuana you buy now a days is way more potent as well as engineered to be stronger (Diller par. 4). With that said, stronger means more chemicals and more chemicals means worse for your lungs.
Although the smoke is harmful, there is a much healthier way to consume pot through edibles. The chemical compounds in the plant can be extracted and put into various consumable items such as vapor, ingestible oils, tinctures, topicals, dabbing, lollipops, edibles, and even gum (Rahn). Eating marijuana is a well known way to consume the substance and get the same effect without destroying your respiratory system. The only negative view point on marijuana edibles is the time period in which the user has to wait till they are able to feel the effects of the edible. While smoking marijuana causes the effects to kick in almost immediately, eating edibles takes about a hour to be noticed. Marijuana storefronts are trying to lure in any potential buyer, even if that means catering to their preferred method of consumption. Dispensaries are trying to expand into small corporations and a way to do that is to be appealing to all potential buyers.
雖然煙是有害的,但有一個(gè)更健康的方式來食用大麻。植物中的化合物可以被提取出來,并放入各種消耗品中,如蒸汽、食用油、酊劑、局部藥、涂抹劑、棒棒糖、食品,甚至口香糖(Rahn)。吃大麻是一種眾所周知的消耗物質(zhì)的方式,并獲得相同的效果,而不破壞你的呼吸系統(tǒng)。對(duì)大麻可食用的唯一負(fù)面看法是,使用者必須等待一段時(shí)間,直到他們能夠感受到大麻的影響。吸食大麻幾乎會(huì)立即產(chǎn)生影響,而吃可食用的東西大約需要一個(gè)小時(shí)才能被注意到。大麻商店正試圖吸引任何潛在買家,即使這意味著要迎合他們偏好的消費(fèi)方式。藥房正試圖向小型公司擴(kuò)張,而實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的方法之一就是吸引所有潛在買家。
Just as any business wants to expand, marijuana dispensaries want to broaden and inaugurate establishments in metropolises where there's a large population full of potential buyers. Now this may seem good for accessibility and the economy, but the image that it gives on adolescents is contrary. Although research has been brought to light that proves that legalizing marijuana does not increase the use among adolescents, the media seems to disagree (Miller par. 1).
The thought that legalizing marijuana would have a negative impact on children dissuades the states that have not made the substance legal to retain the same policy. Many of the provinces that have yet to validate marijuana feel trepidation when it comes down to legalization due to the fact that the states are under the assumption that older siblings will supply marijuana to their younger siblings. Studies have shown that adolescent youngsters who participate in consuming marijuana are more likely to develop a problem later on in life and that marijuana can be psychotically addicting (Diller par. 5).
Many chronic users who use marijuana inordinately to secure moods quest marijuana as a dependency. Various symptoms such as recalling memory, difficulty with problem thinking, and unbalanced coordination are all indicators of marijuana abuse. There's a issue with adolescents and even young adults with marijuana usage. Research mentioned by Peters shows that the brain acts as if it's rubber, but as we age our brains turn from rubber to concrete and cannot change anymore. Peters also indicates humans under the age of twenty five are still in neural development and participating in marijuana usage before that age are more likely than not to have some detrimental impacts on the brain.
Statistics exhibit that partaking in ponderously marijuana usage at a young age will allegedly cause the child to have a disheartened ironclad of life fallouts including poor school performance, higher chance to be a dropout, increased welfare dependence, more likelihood for unemployment, and an overall lower life satisfaction (Peters par. 6). DrugAbuse advocates that with these deleterious cognitive development issues that can impact a developing mind increases the chance for addiction and incarceration involving drugs at a young age.
Incarceration in America is at an all time high. According to Flatow, the federal prison population has spiked 790 percent since 1980. It's not just a coincidence that at the same time the drug war started that the prison population saw a huge expansion. In the federal prisons as of 2013, more than half of the individuals behind bars for more than a year are still serving time for drug related crimes (Flatow par. 2). Flatow also states that legalization of marijuana is the suggested cause for a recent drop in the prison population as experts examine the decreased priority on marijuana arrest due to the decriminalization and federal agents diverting their resources on other issues. The period between 2012 and 2013, 27.6 percent of all drug offenders were locked up because of marijuana offenses Miles mentions. Southeast is one of the worst regions of the United States to get arrested for a drug related crime. The West was the first to see legalization for a reason, the people on that side of the United States are less conservative and religious. The East, especially the Southeast is going to be the hardest to legalize due to the large population of religious and conservative people.
美國的監(jiān)禁率達(dá)到了歷史最高水平。據(jù)弗萊托說,自1980年以來,聯(lián)邦監(jiān)獄的囚犯人數(shù)激增了790%。在毒品戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)的同時(shí),監(jiān)獄的犯人數(shù)量激增,這不僅僅是一個(gè)巧合。截至2013年,在聯(lián)邦監(jiān)獄中,超過一半的入獄超過一年的人仍在因毒品相關(guān)的犯罪而服刑(弗萊托第2條)。弗萊托還指出,大麻合法化是最近監(jiān)獄人口下降的原因,專家們正在研究大麻逮捕的優(yōu)先級(jí)下降,原因是大麻合法化和聯(lián)邦探員將資源轉(zhuǎn)移到其他問題上。邁爾斯提到,在2012年至2013年期間,27.6%的毒品罪犯因?yàn)榇舐榉缸锒氇z。東南部是美國最容易因毒品犯罪被捕的地區(qū)之一。西部最先看到大麻合法化是有原因的,美國西部的人們不那么保守,不那么虔誠。東部,尤其是東南部將是最難合法化的,因?yàn)橛写罅康淖诮毯捅J厝耸俊?/p>
With the rise of marijuana legalization, there are a variety of moral and biblical dilemmas that were brought to attention. The bible states that you should not become intoxicated by alcohol, but moderation is completely fine. The sole purpose of recreational use of marijuana is to become intoxicated. This raises the question, is it biblically okay to consume marijuana in hopes to become intoxicated? John Piper discusses this moral and religious predicament that recreational marijuana use poses:
The second biblical truth that would incline us away from the recreational use of marijuana is that God gave us minds and hearts to know him and love him and discern his will. “Be infants in evil, but in your thinking be mature” (1 Corinthians 14:20). Don’t become an experienced sinner to learn the folly of sin. Be willing to be an inexperienced baby when it comes to sharing in mind-clouding drugs. Be ruthlessly clear-headed. Let the herd stampede over the cliff without you. Use your mind to warn them, not join them.
Piper discusses how we should take charge in our actions and not follow the crowd in their wrongful sins. As Piper states, "Let the herd stampede over the cliff without you," he is trying to explain that you don't have to follow the sinful activities your peers are participating in and that you should stay clear of their wrongfulness.
In conclusion, there are an abundance of arguments made by both sides on whether to legalize marijuana or to not legalize marijuana. There are a variety of issues associated with legalization of marijuana such as religious and moral problems, health issues, and potential increase in adolescent usage. On the other hand, legalization poses some great arguments including tax revenue, medical benefits, victimless crime incarceration reduction, and an exponentially growing industry. Regardless of the outcome, the issue at hand has been a two decade long battle and is more likely than not going to come to a conclusion soon.
綜上所述,對(duì)于大麻合法化還是不合法化,雙方都有很多爭論。大麻合法化會(huì)帶來各種各樣的問題,比如宗教和道德問題、健康問題,以及青少年吸食大麻的潛在增長。另一方面,合法化提出了一些很好的論點(diǎn),包括稅收,醫(yī)療福利,減少無受害者犯罪,以及成倍增長的產(chǎn)業(yè)。不管結(jié)果如何,眼下的問題已經(jīng)是一場長達(dá)20年的斗爭,很可能很快就會(huì)有結(jié)果。
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