美國(guó)研究生申請(qǐng)PS的寫作流程分析
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11-09, 2017
想要申請(qǐng)去美國(guó)留學(xué),無(wú)論高中、本科還是研究生,都需要寫PS。這是留學(xué)文書中最重要的內(nèi)容之一,在很大程度對(duì)申請(qǐng)結(jié)果有直接影響。一般情況下,PS 的字符數(shù)不多,寫作要求也不算高,只要能把自己想要說的表達(dá)出來(lái)即可。但如果申請(qǐng)的是研究生,就需要對(duì)專業(yè)或者其他領(lǐng)域有更深入的理解。因?yàn)榧词乖诎l(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,研究生也是高端人才,招生官看重的不僅是你有沒有潛質(zhì),能重要的是已經(jīng)取得的成績(jī)。那么美國(guó)研究生申請(qǐng)PS該如何寫呢?小編總結(jié)了PS的寫作流程,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。此外,文章最后還精選了一篇PS范文供同學(xué)們參考學(xué)習(xí)。
一、要先選擇你想放進(jìn)PS的內(nèi)容
第一步最好是先將個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷制作出來(lái),制作簡(jiǎn)歷能讓你對(duì)之前的學(xué)習(xí)工作有一個(gè)匯總,大小經(jīng)歷有一個(gè)初步分類,比如校內(nèi),校外,項(xiàng)目活動(dòng),還是志愿者活動(dòng)。在制作簡(jiǎn)歷是就要邊做邊想,哪些活動(dòng)突出你哪方面的經(jīng)歷,比如一個(gè)項(xiàng)目活動(dòng),突出你的研究能力、溝通能力,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力等等。在制作簡(jiǎn)歷時(shí)想到這些,是為后面制作PS做好鋪墊。
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著手制作PS前,要再研究一下簡(jiǎn)歷,挑出大概三到四個(gè)經(jīng)歷比較合適。在這些經(jīng)歷的描述中,著重描寫你做了什么事情,突出細(xì)節(jié)?;蛘咧虚g遇到了什么困難,如何解決。而不是一份更長(zhǎng)更啰嗦的簡(jiǎn)歷。細(xì)節(jié)的描寫會(huì)讓你顯得更生動(dòng),也會(huì)讓閱讀你PS的人印象更深刻,通過你的描述,對(duì)你產(chǎn)生一個(gè)初步了解。
前面提到你要挑選三到四個(gè)經(jīng)歷,那哪些經(jīng)歷應(yīng)該入選呢?挑選出一些獨(dú)特的,能突出表現(xiàn)你能力的經(jīng)歷,而這也是最能契合你所申專業(yè)的經(jīng)歷。比如所申專業(yè)十分注重申請(qǐng)者的組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力,那么就著重描寫能突出你組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的活動(dòng),或者這個(gè)活動(dòng)展現(xiàn)了你很多能力,著重描述組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。需要提到的是,有些學(xué)校會(huì)讓你提供一篇PS,而有一些會(huì)讓你提交兩道三份essay(以商科為主),每篇essay又各有側(cè)重點(diǎn),那么也一樣需要針對(duì)側(cè)重點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行上述寫作的過程。比如說有的Essay是要你描述你的Long Term Goal和 Short Term Goal,有的可能讓你描述最大的成就,有的還可能是道德困境等等。
二、挑選出最契合專業(yè)的經(jīng)歷之后,該如何組織這些內(nèi)容呢?
這就是你整篇PS的思路。以什么樣的思路來(lái)展開這篇PS非常重要,不僅僅是全文整體上的思路,就連句與句之間,段與段之間也一樣重要。當(dāng)然最終的完美之作肯定不是一蹴而就的,需要進(jìn)行很多次的修改。
通篇思路可以按照時(shí)間順序來(lái)寫,這樣的思路清晰明了,也容易讓人理解。除了時(shí)間順序外,也可以根據(jù)自己的心路歷程安排,例如讓你對(duì)所申專業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大興趣的一件事也可以放在開篇,先聲奪人,但是這就要求有一定的寫作技巧,后面的思路要把握好,也不要給人一種虎頭蛇尾的感覺。#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
句與句之間的前后邏輯就是要看前后是否連貫,意思是否沖突,不要給人感覺思維跳躍很大。而段落之間的銜接也是一樣,幾個(gè)經(jīng)歷如何有機(jī)聯(lián)系在一起,給人感覺是一個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷,而不是幾件事情堆砌在一起。這對(duì)于整篇PS的連貫性至關(guān)重要。所以PS從初稿到最終定稿一定是經(jīng)歷無(wú)數(shù)次修改,不僅僅是對(duì)文中用詞、語(yǔ)法、句式的修改,更是對(duì)邏輯的修改。
三、除了能突顯自己的傲人經(jīng)歷,PS里還需要哪些內(nèi)容呢?
PS不僅僅是讓你凸顯自己的能力,還有更重要的一點(diǎn)是你選擇這個(gè)專業(yè)這個(gè)學(xué)校的原因,(有一些學(xué)校專門叫做State of Purpose (SP)),以及你未來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)和職業(yè)規(guī)劃,這些也非常重要,也是學(xué)校要求一定要表明的。這部分可以在中間部分有所表露,做好放在最后進(jìn)行集中說明。
論述選擇某個(gè)專業(yè)的原因,比較普遍的說法就是這所學(xué)校這個(gè)專業(yè)很優(yōu)秀,教授很厲害,硬件軟件名譽(yù)都很好。此外,提到教授的時(shí)候可以結(jié)合自己想研究的方向,對(duì)該方向的教授包括他的研究課題多做了解,在PS中展露一點(diǎn)對(duì)他研究的興趣,也可以將自己對(duì)這個(gè)方向的見解和熱忱描述進(jìn)去。教授看到你對(duì)他有興趣,自然對(duì)你也會(huì)更有興趣。未來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)和職業(yè)規(guī)劃就是描述你今后如何在該校學(xué)習(xí),以及畢業(yè)后會(huì)進(jìn)行怎樣的工作,讓人知道你是有自己的規(guī)劃和目標(biāo),有獨(dú)立想法的。
完成PS初稿后,接下來(lái)的工作就是翻來(lái)覆去地修改。要想一次成稿,甚至幾次就改好基本上是妄想。需要先從文章整體來(lái)把握進(jìn)行修改,行文流暢度,前后邏輯以及各部分比重。整體之后,就是對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的修改了,用詞、語(yǔ)法、句式、銜接。總之,最后的版本基本上是你已經(jīng)看不出什么問題,給別人也看不出太大問題的版本。
四、精選PS范文(計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè))
出國(guó)留學(xué)的想法并不是源于我對(duì)國(guó)外生活的向往,而是源于我對(duì)專業(yè)的追求,因?yàn)槲覍?duì)我所學(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)具有的與眾不同的興趣.我向往著再能夠更加深入的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握信息科學(xué)的內(nèi)涵,體會(huì)她的魅力!
I thought much before I began to write the PS. However, holding the pen, I suddenly felt wordless because I have too much to say, too much to write. Standing on the crossroad of life, I determined to study abroad without any hesitations.
憑借著一種懵懂的感性指引將我?guī)нM(jìn)了信息科學(xué)的殿堂,在大學(xué)幾年的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到了當(dāng)前的信息社會(huì),不僅需要一系列方方面面懂得信息技術(shù)的人才,更需要我們對(duì)信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)做更深入的研究,將這個(gè)學(xué)科的技術(shù)應(yīng)用到各個(gè)行業(yè)。而且,信息科學(xué)很明顯是未來(lái)的 趨勢(shì),它將顛覆性地改變?nèi)藗冞^去曾經(jīng)熟悉的生活方式。在對(duì)這個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,我感到了它的有趣、挑戰(zhàn)、永遠(yuǎn)與最新技術(shù)保持同步,最重要的是讓我覺得它非常有前景,為了她揮灑自己的青春是值得的。 #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
It was not the desire for the life overseas, but the pursuit of my professional study that aroused my idea to study abroad. I was longing for the further study and embedded understanding of the essence of Information Science, tasting its charm. Pocketing this interest, I came into the department of Beijing Forestry University. Through several years’ study there, I gradually realized that the modern information society needed not only the professional talents in information science, but also the embedded researches in this field in order to use it into every enterprise. Meanwhile, it is certain that the information science is just the developing trend in the future, which could historically change the ever familiar life style. Therefore, in the process of learning, I can taste its interest and challenge, with which I can keep abreast with the latest technology. Furthermore, I think it was valuable for me to contribute my youth into the Information Science, the most prospective enterprise in the future.
從我的成績(jī)單上不難看出,在大學(xué)階段,我專業(yè)課程的成績(jī)屬于一般。我并不擅長(zhǎng)考試,更不懂得考試中所謂的技巧,我更看重實(shí)踐操作和社會(huì)的真實(shí)需求。我期望學(xué)到了解到的是能夠代表這個(gè)時(shí)代的知識(shí)和技術(shù)。當(dāng)時(shí)我主要通過閱讀和自學(xué)一些原版的專業(yè)書籍教程來(lái)獲取最前沿的知識(shí),通過瀏覽網(wǎng)上的科技動(dòng)態(tài)和 專業(yè)論壇來(lái)獲得第一手信息,以及拓寬自己的視野。再就是積極參與知識(shí)的實(shí)際利用和驗(yàn)證。
My ordinary score on my school report will tell you that I am not good at examinations. Those so-called “examination skills” are also strange to me. Instead, I emphasizepractical operations and the real needs of the society, expecting to learn the knowledge and technology that stands at the top of the period. Therefore, I got the latest knowledge mainly by reading large amount of English books and browsing the websites. Besides, I participated in many practical activities, in which I could use what I have learnt into practice. #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
大二的時(shí)候當(dāng)我的同學(xué)還沉浸在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的迷幻世界里的時(shí)候,我利用業(yè)余時(shí)間給一家小公司的網(wǎng)站做兼職的技術(shù)員??僧?dāng)時(shí)從學(xué)校學(xué)到掌握的知識(shí)很 難用于實(shí)際工作,于是我搜集整理了一系列網(wǎng)站維護(hù)方面的專業(yè)資料。后來(lái)通過自學(xué)我掌握了HTML語(yǔ)言和CSS設(shè)計(jì)。從這第一次嘗試的經(jīng)歷我獲得了很多的收獲,但我認(rèn)為最大的收獲就是這個(gè)過程中我遇到的難題。在制作網(wǎng)站信息板塊的過程中資料的吻合程度一直無(wú)法解決,我的倔強(qiáng)的性格讓我在困難面前越來(lái)越興奮。我利用所有可以利用的時(shí)間上網(wǎng)查資料,最終通過細(xì)致的分類和鑒別,將它們有效的整理了出來(lái)。
In my sophomore year, just as other schoolmates were submerging themselves into the fairy world of PC games, I began my part time working experience by working as a technician on the website of a small company. Just at that exciting time, I found that it was very difficult to use the theories I learnt on class into the practical work. Trapped in the gap between the school and society, I collected and summarized much practical professional files from a series of websites and learnt the HTML language and the CSS design by myself. From the first attempt in the society, I realized that I got much from difficulties rather than smooth work. On designing the information part of the website, I could not find the perfect combination between the files. However, as a hardnosed boy, I was not defeated by the difficulties, but very excited towards them. By classifying and summarizing the files I found on the websites, I finally solved the problem.
通過我不懈的努力我在專業(yè)技術(shù)水平得到了老師的認(rèn)可,終于通過一次偶然的機(jī)會(huì)我得到了一個(gè)參與開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的機(jī)會(huì),并作為技術(shù)骨干協(xié)助老師進(jìn)行l(wèi)inux下iptables的模塊開發(fā)。從理論的角度來(lái)看這個(gè)模塊開發(fā)可以算做操作系統(tǒng)理論,而我對(duì)編寫系統(tǒng)模塊并不是很熟悉,這又是一次挑戰(zhàn)。我在一 本介紹module programming的書里找到了關(guān)于編寫系統(tǒng)模塊的信息, 憑借我大膽的嘗試,雖然失敗了幾次,但最終成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了項(xiàng)目的最終目標(biāo),順利的完成了!失敗是成功之母,我一直堅(jiān)信這一點(diǎn)! #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
Taking advantage of my insistent efforts, I was finally kissed by an opportunity to participate in a developing project, in which I worked as a core assistant of my teacher to develop the Iptables module under Linux. From a theoretical point of view, the development of the module could be included in the basic theories of the operating system. However, it was another challenge for me because I was not familiar with the programming of system module. Finally, I found the related knowledge on a book named “Module Programming”. Thanks to my repeated attempts, times of failures, at last, presented me with the final success. Through this practice, I believe firmly that failure is the access to the success.
中國(guó)科學(xué)院是引領(lǐng)中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展的先鋒,從小我就渴望著有一天能成為其中的一員!大四的那個(gè)夏天我實(shí)現(xiàn)了我的這個(gè)夢(mèng)想!通過老師的推薦我協(xié)助中科院自動(dòng)化所的老師們開發(fā)一個(gè)基于生物特征認(rèn)證的接口,雖然只有短短的兩個(gè)星期,但我從中受益匪淺。通過與實(shí)驗(yàn)室專家教授的溝通, 以及在圖書館里查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),我將整個(gè)BIOapI的接口規(guī)范,類和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì),以及對(duì)生物接口的理念進(jìn)行了深入了解。最終利用C++編寫除了初步的與該實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)用上的接口。成功后的喜悅不言而喻。
I had a dream when I was just a kid----becoming a member in Chinese Academy of Science, the pioneer of the science and technology in China. My senior year witnessed me to achieve my dream. Under the recommendation of my teacher, I got the opportunity to work with the professors in automation department of CAS on developing the interface based on the biometric authentication technology. Two weeks was a short time, but a harvest time for me. Through the exchange with the experts and professors and looking up large amount of books and related literatures in the library, my understanding on all the specifies BIOapI interface, the design of the 類 and data structure and the biometric interfaces had largely deepened. Seeing the final success, the sweetest smile in the world blossomed on my face. #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
我刻苦學(xué)習(xí),認(rèn)真的工作態(tài)度得到了中科院老師的欣賞,當(dāng)我在本科的最后階段我被中科院的老師推薦到他們的軟件所中文信息實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。我參與的是一個(gè)研究生的課題,中文博客搜索引擎。
My assiduity in study and careful working attitude won the appreciation of the professors in CAS. Therefore, at the last period of my undergraduate study, I was recommended by them to complete my graduation design by participating in a graduate subject of Chinese Blog Search Engine.
做為assistant在這個(gè)過程中我完成了對(duì)blog數(shù)據(jù)的抓取和存儲(chǔ),采用的有C語(yǔ)言,perl語(yǔ)言,mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。通過自學(xué)和向師兄請(qǐng)教又學(xué)到了很多的新技術(shù)和知識(shí),最終完成了一個(gè)博客搜索引擎的框架。
As the assistant, I completed the access and storage of the Blog data by using C language and Perl database. With the help of my studying fellows, I finally designed a frame of the Blog Search Engine and learn many new technologies.
當(dāng)我完成了大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)后,我接受了新浪網(wǎng)工作的OFFER。在這里我主要負(fù)責(zé)操作系統(tǒng)的批量安裝、軟件包定制以及安全配置,以及線上設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行,各種軟硬件故障的檢測(cè)和恢復(fù)。同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)各種突發(fā)事件的響應(yīng)與及時(shí)處理。還負(fù)責(zé)將整個(gè)公司數(shù)千臺(tái)服務(wù)器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備等的配置信息進(jìn)行精確維護(hù)。
After graduation, I accepted the offer of working on Sina website, where I was mainly responsible for the batch installation of operating system, tailor of the software package, the safety configuration, the smooth running of the equipments on line, the test and recovery of various hardware failures. Meanwhile, I was in charge of the immediate response and disposal of the accidents and the exact maintenance of thousands of servers in the whole company.
在新浪做為系統(tǒng)工程師,在這里做的事情很多,有應(yīng)用程序方面的、操作系統(tǒng)方面的、網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的,還有各種硬件方面的。采用的技術(shù)和理論也涉及以上各類。平時(shí)遇到的技術(shù)問題主要是通過自己的判斷思考和實(shí)踐,結(jié)合其他專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)以及自己所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)加以解決。 #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
As a system engineer in Sina website, there are a lot of things to do in the application process, operating system and network as well as in the hardware. We generally solve the problems by our own practical experience combining with the related professional literatures and the knowledge we have learnt.
幾年的工作經(jīng)歷給我最大的感受就是我清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的不足,我現(xiàn)在的水平舉例我的目標(biāo)-成為專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專家,相距甚遠(yuǎn).我不能在坐在自己的成績(jī)上幻想了,我要超越我自己,在技術(shù)方面我有著太多的缺陷需要彌補(bǔ),我相信我現(xiàn)在需要深入細(xì)致的學(xué)習(xí)研究和找到一個(gè)良好的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍。
Years of working experience made me realized clearly that it has still a long way to go to achieve my dream---becoming an expert in this field. I have to step out of the “flowers” coating me now for my achievements to the further study for the next station on the way of life. Therefore, I need a nutritious academic atmosphere.
好奇心是學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)的必要條件,我具備這一條件。其次是善于鉆研,善于自學(xué),動(dòng)手能力強(qiáng)。這些在我上學(xué)過程中和工作以后更是得到了充分的鍛煉。我相信幾年后當(dāng)我站在下一個(gè)人生的十字路口的時(shí)候我將更自信。我對(duì)未來(lái)充滿了期待!
It was my curiosity that pushed me onto the road of learning new technologies and it was my strong learning ability and capability that presented me with the current achievement. I believe that standing at the cross road of life after a few years further study, I will be more confident and stronger expectative for my future.
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