倫敦政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)院dissertation范文(London School of Economics and Political Science)：機場建設(shè)應(yīng)注意哪些問題？

Isle of Sheppey Airport
謝佩島機場

Military zones and restricted areas
軍事區(qū)和限制區(qū)

Construction on military zone and restricted areas should be avoided as these are important areas for HM Armed Forces and/or are restricted for various other reasons (Figure 14). These areas should be also avoided by aircrafts.
HM武裝部隊和/或其他各種原因（圖14）限制，這些都是很重要的領(lǐng)域，軍事禁區(qū)和限制區(qū)的建設(shè)應(yīng)避免。這些地區(qū)也應(yīng)避免飛機。

Shipping and Dredging Routes
航運及疏浚路線

These areas do not effect or limit the flight routes unlike the previous two military zones and bird flight paths, however, they limit the area available on the sea therefore these areas and routes should be avoided when selecting the location for construction of the airport.
這些領(lǐng)域不影響或限制不像以前的兩個軍事區(qū)和鳥類的飛行路徑飛行路線，然而，他們限制在海面上，因此這些地區(qū)和路線時，應(yīng)避免選擇的位置為機場建設(shè)面積。

These areas include precautionary areas, major and minor shipping routes, fairways, ferry and dredging routes (Figure 14). It is worth mentioning that having the dredging route in the area can be advantageous in carrying materials to the offshore construction site, or an emergency route when needed.

Fishing areas and obstacles
釣魚區(qū)和障礙

Figure 15 below shows the obstacles in the area around Isle of Sheppey. The area of construction should ideally avoid these as removal of many of them can prove to be economically and/or socially costly. As can be seen there are no obstacles present in the area of construction. However, in the case of future expansion of runways, there may be obstacles that will have to be removed before off-shore construction can commence; these include:
下面的圖15顯示了在謝佩島周圍區(qū)域的障礙。理想情況下，建筑面積應(yīng)避免這些，去除他們中許多人可以證明是經(jīng)濟和/或社會代價高昂的。

• Off-shore lamp, located in the north-eastern edge of the runway
• General wreck, located in the north-eastern edge of the runway, which is referred to as a point wreck, possibly referring to a relatively small wreck. Unfortunately no detailed information on how significant this wreck may be is available and further investigation of the site is needed once the airport expansion is in planning or early construction stages.

It is also worth mentioning that there are no significant obstacles that may be problematic in case of expanding the runways further in the sea in order to meet the demands in the future.
這也是值得一提的是，不存在重大障礙，可能是有問題的情況下，進一步擴大跑道，以滿足在未來的需求在海。

Figure 15

Key for Figure 15
 
Flight path management
飛行路徑管理

This feasibility study does not assess in detail the requirements for flight path planning. It is clear however that incorporation of flight paths for a new airport in the Thames Estuary is possible, without excessive modification or disruption to flight paths for the current major airports.  The following figure shows current activity within a 24 hour period for London airports:     http://ukthesis.org/ygsslwdx/ 
本可行性研究并沒有詳細評估飛行路徑規(guī)劃的要求。但是很顯然，成立一個新的飛行路徑在泰晤士河河口機場是可能的，沒有過多的修飾，或為當(dāng)前的主要機場飛行路徑中斷。下圖顯示了當(dāng)前活動在24小時內(nèi)為倫敦機場：

Figure 16 (9)

Bathymetry and Topography
水深測量和地形

This section briefly assesses the ground level above and below the Thames at the Isle of Sheppey site considered for our project.
本節(jié)簡要評估的地級以上及以下的謝佩島的網(wǎng)站考慮我們的項目泰晤士河。

Bathymetry
測深

The bathymetry of the area is important as the runways of the airport will be built offshore; therefore it is beneficial to keep the construction cost of the man-made peninsula as low as possible by choosing an area with lowest water depth and flattest seabed. This will not only lower the cost of materials used to build the artificial peninsula, it is environmentally more friendly, easier to build and will take less time to construct. Figure 17 shows the bathymetry of the area. It can be seen that the depth of seabed is within 10 meters throughout the project area, and it only passes a single contour line, meaning that the area of the seabed is reasonably level.
水深的區(qū)域非常重要，因為該機場的跑道將建成海上，因此它是有利于保持盡可能低的建設(shè)成本的人造半島選擇最低的水深和海底平坦的區(qū)域。這不僅會降低成本，用于構(gòu)建人工半島的材料，它是更環(huán)保，更容易建立，并會采取更少的時間來建構(gòu)。圖17示出的區(qū)域的地形。可以看出，海床的深度是10米范圍內(nèi)整個項目區(qū)，只通過一個單一的輪廓線，這意味著海床的面積是合理的水平。