A similar idea is expressed by Charmaz (1983). For Charmaz, who works in the “grounded theory” tradition, the disassembling and reassembling occurs through the “coding” process.
類似的想法Charmaz(1983)也曾提過。對于Charmaz,工作于“扎根理論”的傳統(tǒng),通過“編碼”過程發(fā)生拆卸和重新安裝。
Codes serve to summarize, synthesize, and sort many observations made of the data....coding becomes the fundamental means of developing the analysis....Researchers use codes to pull together and categorize a series of otherwise discrete events, statements, and observations which they identify in the data (Charmaz, 1983: 112).
研究人員使用代碼拉在一起,否則離散事件就會分類,觀察他們識別的數(shù)據(jù)。
At first the data may appear to be a mass of confusing, unrelated, accounts. 起初,數(shù)據(jù)可能會出現(xiàn)混亂,無關(guān),占地方。But by studying and coding (often I code the same materials several times just after collecting them), the researcher begins to create order (Charmaz, 1983: 114).A concrete example of this processes occurs in Freidson’s (1975) Doctoring Together. This passage shows how the process moves back and forth between the noticing and collecting parts of the process. I have “coded” this example to highlight this movement. 這段顯示了進程前后移動之間的注意和收集部分的過程。我已經(jīng)“編碼”這個例子來強調(diào)這個做法。
Noticing: ...we had carried out some 200 separate interviews...and had them transcribed....Each interview was read, and sections of them which seemed to be distinct incidents, anecdotes, or stated opinions about discrete topics....were then typed on 5 x 7 McBee-Keysort cards on which were printed general topical categories to guide coding.
Collecting: Buford Rhea then read all the cards and tentatively classified them into the simple content categories we had decided upon in advance.
收集:布福德雷亞然后讀取了所有的牌,姑且將其分為簡單的內(nèi)容類別,我們已經(jīng)決定提前。
Noticing: He then read them again so as to test, revise, and refine the initial gross classification....
Collecting: . .all cards bearing on some general substantive topic such as “patient relations” were removed from the total set of cards and put together in a pack.
Noticing: All the cards in that large pack of between 800 and 1,200 were then read one by one....
注意:所有卡在800和1200之間,大量的,然后一個一個地讀....
Collecting: ...as they were read, the cards were sorted into preliminary topical piles. (Freidson,
Analysis is More than Coding, Sorting and Sifting
分析不僅僅是編碼,排序和篩選#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
The previous section suggests that disassembling, coding, and then sorting and sifting through your data, is the primary path to analysis. But as Michael Agar (1991) rightly cautions, intensive data coding, disassembly, sorting, and sifting, is neither the only way to analyze your data, nor is it necessarily the most appropriate strategy. I agree with this point. Later I will discuss Agar’s alternatives and suggest that they also fit the notice, collect, and think process.
我同意這一點。稍后我將討論瓊脂的替代品,并建議他們也適合注意,收集,思考過程。
3. Thinking about Things
思考事情
In the thinking process you examine the things that you have collected. Your goals are: 1) to make some type of sense out of each collection, 2) look for patterns and relationships both within a collection, and also across collections, and 3) to make general discoveries about the phenomena you are researching.
Examining the Pieces of a Puzzle
檢查拼圖
Returning to the jigsaw puzzle analogy, after you sort the puzzle pieces into groups you inspect individual pieces to determine how they fit together and form smaller parts of the picture (e.g., the tree part or the house part). This is a labor intensive process that usually involves a lot of trial and error and frustration.
這是一個勞動力密集的過程,通常涉及大量的試驗,錯誤和挫折。
A similar process takes place in the analysis of qualitative data. You compare and contrast each of the things you have noticed in order to discover similarities and differences, build typologies, or find sequences and patterns. In the process you might also stumble across http://ukthesis.org/ygsslwdx/ both wholes and holes in the data.
在這個過程中,你也可能被整體數(shù)據(jù)中的漏洞絆倒。